EpilepsyRx

Perampanel

Fycompa

DailyMed-verified antiseizure indications

Indication / use

Label / evidence summary
Fycompa: focal-onset seizures with or without secondary generalization from age 4 years; adjunctive treatment of primary generalized tonic-clonic seizures from age 12 years.
Role
Maintenance
Class
Noncompetitive postsynaptic AMPA-receptor antagonism

Indications checked 26 September 2026. Product, route, age, and treatment-role limits apply. A DailyMed listing alone does not establish FDA approval.

Formulations & strengths

U.S. products unless another country is named. Strengths are per unit or stated volume.

Brand & formulation labels

Each link names the product and formulation it covers. Archived labels do not establish current availability.

Dosing & administration

Adult / product-specific schedule
Without moderate/strong CYP3A4 inducers: start 2 mg nightly; increase 2 mg no more often than weekly. Focal maintenance usually 8–12 mg nightly (some respond to 4 mg); PGTC 8 mg nightly, up to 12 mg if needed. With moderate/strong CYP3A4 inducers: start 4 mg nightly and follow the inducer-specific schedule.
Pediatric
Focal ≥4 years; adjunctive PGTC ≥12 years. Same fixed-dose, co-medication-specific titration as adults. Hepatic/renal impairment and older age modify the schedule.
Titration / repeat dosing
Start 2 mg once nightly; increase by 2 mg no more often than weekly (often every 2 weeks for tolerability) to 4–8 mg/day; may increase to 12 mg/day. With enzyme inducers, consider 4 mg start.

Dose adjustment & concentrations

Renal impairment
Not recommended in severe renal impairment or hemodialysis.
Hepatic impairment
Maximum 6 mg/day in mild and 4 mg/day in moderate impairment; not recommended in severe impairment.
Serum reference information
No established therapeutic range; concentration–response is variable

Safety

Boxed warning
Boxed warning: serious psychiatric and behavioral reactions, including aggression, hostility, irritability, anger and homicidal ideation/threats. Monitor closely during titration and at higher doses; evaluate new or worsening symptoms promptly.
Contraindications
None listed in the linked U.S. label; serious psychiatric warnings still apply.
Serious precautions & monitoring
Boxed warning for serious psychiatric and behavioral reactions. Very long half-life makes titration and washout slow.

Common / selected adverse effects

  • Dizziness
  • Somnolence
  • Fatigue
  • Irritability
  • Falls
  • Ataxia

Drug interactions: toxicity & clinical action

Partner / combinationClinical effectClinical action
Carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine or phenytoinCYP3A induction lowers perampanel exposure; stopping an inducer can increase it.Use inducer-specific starting regimen and monitor dizziness, falls and behavior after changes.
Alcohol / other CNS depressantsGreater impairment; alcohol may worsen anger/behavior effects.Avoid alcohol and assess combined sedative burden.
Levonorgestrel contraception at perampanel 12 mg/dayReduced levonorgestrel exposure.Use additional nonhormonal contraception during treatment and for 1 month after stopping per label.

Pregnancy & contraception

Fetal / neonatal risk
Human perampanel pregnancy data are inadequate. Developmental toxicity occurred in animal studies at clinically relevant doses.
Contraception
At 12 mg/day, perampanel lowers levonorgestrel exposure by about 40%. Use additional nonhormonal contraception during treatment and for one month after stopping, per the U.S. label.

Clinical evidence

Research summaries describe studied populations and outcomes; they do not add indications or constitute treatment recommendations.

Direct pivotal trial

Trial summary

Study design / duration
Three randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled adjunctive focal-seizure trials used 6-week titration plus 13-week maintenance; a separate 17-week trial evaluated primary generalized tonic-clonic seizures.
Primary endpoint
No single pivotal endpoint is identified in the cited source.
Results
Three pivotal adjunctive focal-seizure trials showed median reductions of approximately 23–35% at 4–12 mg/day versus 10–21% with placebo. In primary generalized tonic-clonic seizures, median reduction was 76% versus 38% with placebo.

Trial publications

Mechanism of action

  • Noncompetitively antagonizes postsynaptic AMPA-type ionotropic glutamate receptors, reducing excitatory neurotransmission.
  • Acts at the receptor, rather than primarily reducing glutamate release. It is not an NMDA antagonist; the complete connection between receptor blockade and clinical efficacy remains incompletely defined.

Pharmacology

Adult values unless specified. Vd/F denotes apparent oral distribution volume.

Pharmacokinetics

Bioavailability
Rapid, essentially complete oral absorption; food slows the peak without changing overall exposure. Tablet and suspension exposure is comparable at steady state.
Elimination half-life
Approximately 105 hours without strong enzyme-inducing co-medication; steady state may take 2–3 weeks.
Volume of distribution
Approximately 77 L in healthy volunteers (TGA assessment).
Active metabolite(s)
No clinically established active metabolite contribution; individual circulating metabolites occur only in trace amounts.
Active-metabolite half-life
Not applicable — no clinically established active metabolite.
Protein binding
~95%
Metabolism / elimination
Primarily CYP3A4/5 oxidation followed by glucuronidation

Enzyme-inducing ASMs can markedly shorten persistence and reduce exposure.

Molecular structure

Molecular structure of Perampanel
Principal compound; salt and product forms may differ.
NIH PubChem structure and record ↗

Product history

Initial U.S. approval
2012
Brands
Fycompa
Manufacturer / marketer
Catalyst Pharmaceuticals (Fycompa, U.S.)
Generic availability
No widely marketed U.S. generic
Related drugs
Mechanistically distinct; the only marketed selective noncompetitive AMPA-receptor antagonist ASM.

Sources & review status

Representative sources are selected product labels, not an exhaustive list of generic manufacturers. Consult the exact product and formulation prescribed. Brand-name package inserts are linked separately.

Indications and DailyMed PDFs checked: 2026-09-26. Other profile sources reviewed: 2026-09-15 · label revision noted at that review: 6/2023. This is a draft reference; final review is pending.